Development of cost effective biodegradable implants of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in treatment of osteomyelitis

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate a sustained release implant of ciprofloxacin HCl with biodegradable, costâ€effective polymer chitosan. osteomyelitis is one of the oldest disease, which is still in existence and difficult to treat, the prevalence of which is increasing dayâ€byâ€day. The treatment of osteomyelitis requires large doses of antibiotics administered by systemic routes for a period of 4â€5 weeks, however, the parenteral route suffered from many disadvantages and also some limitations. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride has been the most widely used fluoroquinolone for multiâ€bacterial bone infection because the minimal inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin HCl is low, and it has good penetration properties in most of the tissues and bone. Biodegradable polymers like poly (lacticâ€coâ€glycolic acid) (PLGA) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) were widely studied as a carrier for implant but their use is limited because of highâ€cost and are not easily available. The crossâ€linking of chitosan was carried out with sodium citrate and crossâ€linked chitosan (CC) was used as a carrier. The effect of different proportion of chitosan and effect of drug loading on the drug release kinetics has been studied. An in vitro result shows that prolonged release was observed with higher drug loading. The CC5 implant containing 50% w/w polymer retards the drug release for more than 5 weeks. Furthermore, from in vivo study it is found that the optimized formulation CC5 is biocompatible and implant is not causing any foreign body reaction or hypersensitivity in the body of animal. The CC was found to have excellent release retarding properties and can be used as costâ€effective,biodegradable sustained release matrices for designing of implant.