4D Printing: An Innovative Technology For Self-transforming Structures and Multidisciplinary Applications

Abstract

4D printing, an innovative technology merging conventional additive manufacturing with smart materials and
external stimuli, empowers objects to undergo transformative processes over time, exhibiting qualities like selfsensitivity,
self-assembly, and self-healing. This technology harbors the potential to reshape modern construction
practices, aligning with the demand for autonomous, energy-efficient, and environmentally sustainable
structures. Furthermore, 4D printing proves valuable in medicine and aerospace. 4D printing can revolutionize
aerospace manufacturing and design by enabling the creation of smart, adaptive, and highly efficient components
and structures that can enhance the performance, reliability, and sustainability of aerospace systems. In the
domain of conventional robotics, rigid materials such as metals, hard plastics, and ceramics are predominantly
employed in the construction of robotics that can efficiently respond to a multitude of stimuli. Textiles offer
self-sustainability, reduced material consumption, and enhanced adaptability. Despite challenges, 4D printing
holds significant potential across various domains, urging substantial research and development efforts for its
successful integration.