Factorial study on influence of gas generating agent and diluent on drug release kinetics of clopidogrel bisulfate floating tablets
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Abstract
bisulphate to improve bioavailability and to minimize the side‑effects of the drug such as gastric bleeding and drug
resistance development. Clopidogrel floating tablets were prepared by direct compression technique by the use of xanthan
gum at different concentrations (20%, 25% and 30% w/w). Sodium bicarbonate (15% w/w) and microcrystalline
cellulose (MCC) (30% w/w) were used as gas generating agent and diluent respectively. The effects of sodium bicarbonate and
MCC on the drug release kinetics and floating properties were investigated. A 22 factorial design was applied systematically
to optimized formulation. The percentage amount of sodium bicarbonate (X1) and percentage amount of MCC (X2) were
selected as independent variables. The drug release rate constant (K) and time required for 85% drug dissolution (T85) was
selected as dependent variables. Factorial design revealed that the percentage amount of sodium bicarbonate and MCC had
insignificant effect on drug release kinetics (K, T85) within the chosen levels and a high level of sodium bicarbonate (X1) and
the low level of MCC (X2) favor the preparation of clopidogrel floating tablets. All the Clopidogrel floating formulations
followed first order kinetics, Higuchi drug release kinetics with diffusion as the dominant mechanism of drug release. As
per Korsmeyer‑Peppas equation, the release exponent “n†ranged 0.455‑0.654 indicating that drug release from all the
formulations was by non‑fickian diffusion mechanism.
Key words: Clopidogrel bisulfate, factorial study, floating tablets, release kinetics, variables
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