Advances in Medical Toxicology: Innovative Approaches for Poisoning and Overdose Management

Abstract

Medical toxicology has rapidly evolved with innovative approaches to managing poisoning and overdose,
integrating advances in pharmacology, biotechnology, and precision medicine. Poisoning from chemicals, drugs,
and environmental agents remains a major public health challenge globally. Novel diagnostic tools, such as highthroughput
mass spectrometry and point-of-care toxicological assays, have significantly improved the speed and
accuracy of identifying toxic agents. Precision medicine has introduced individualized detoxification protocols
tailored to genetic profiles and specific metabolic pathways, enhancing the efficacy and safety of treatments. Recent
developments in extracorporeal treatments, including hemodialysis and hemoperfusion, allow for more effective
removal of toxins, particularly for substances that are poorly eliminated by the body. Artificial intelligence and
machine learning algorithms are being integrated into clinical toxicology to predict outcomes, optimize antidote
dosing, and improve clinical decision-making. Mobile health platforms and telemedicine have expanded access to
toxicology expertise, particularly in remote or underserved areas, facilitating real-time consultations in emergency
scenarios. The adoption of these cutting-edge technologies is reshaping the landscape of poisoning and overdose
management, moving toward more targeted, efficient, and patient-specific interventions. This review highlights
key innovations in medical toxicology and emphasizes the need for continued research and interdisciplinary
collaboration to improve outcomes for patients affected by toxic exposures.