Understanding the Impact of Musculoskeletal Symptoms on Dizziness among Adults in the Saudi Community

Abstract

Introduction: Musculoskeletal pain is a frequent complaint among individuals experiencing long-term dizziness,
often presenting in recognizable patterns across various body regions. This prevalence highlights the need for clinical
attention to the musculoskeletal system in dizzy patients. Cervicogenic dizziness, originating from cervical spine
dysfunction, is increasingly recognized. Despite the clear link between dizziness and musculoskeletal complaints,
current literature often focuses on specific body parts, primarily examines clinical samples, and lacks standardized,
culturally validated tools for simultaneous assessment. Consequently, the comprehensive impact of multisite
musculoskeletal pain on dizziness in the general adult population, especially within Arabic-speaking groups, remains
largely unexplored. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between musculoskeletal symptoms and
the frequency and severity of dizziness among adults in the Saudi community, addressing a significant knowledge gap.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to November 2025 using a structured, self-administered
online questionnaire distributed through social media. Adults aged ≥18 years with neck or upper back pain were recruited
using convenience sampling, while participants with diagnosed neurological/vestibular disorders (e.g., Ménière’s
disease and multiple sclerosis), traumatic musculoskeletal injury, or pregnancy were excluded. Measures included
demographic characteristics and validated Arabic versions of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory and the Extended
Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, with additional assessment using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the
short International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social
Sciences (version 20).