Optimized Regulatory and IndustryStrategies for Combating AntimicrobialResistance: A Harmonized Approach
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health challenge threatening the effectiveness of
modern medicine. The rapid rise of resistant pathogens, coupled with a slow pipeline of new antimicrobials,
necessitates coordinated regulatory and industrial responses. This review critically evaluates regulatory
frameworks, pharmaceutical industry responsibilities, antimicrobial stewardship programs, and surveillance
systems as integrated strategies for AMR mitigation. Special emphasis is placed on good manufacturing practices,
environmental risk control, and responsible antibiotic distribution to minimize subtherapeutic exposure and
contamination. Global initiatives and One Health interventions are discussed. This review uniquely integrates
regulatory science, industrial compliance, and One Health strategies into a harmonized AMR governance
model. A coordinated framework integrating regulatory enforcement, industry accountability, and cross-sector
collaboration is proposed as a sustainable pathway for AMR containment.
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