Eco-Friendly Synthesis ofMoringa Oleifera Leaves-Based SilverNanoparticles and their Antioxidant andAnti-Inflammatory Efficacy

Abstract

Objectives: The objective of the study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the ethyl acetate
leaf extract of Moringa oleifera. Using a green synthesis approach, and to evaluate their in vitro antioxidant and
anti-inflammatory activities relevant to diabetic management. Materials and Methods: AgNPs were prepared
by reducing silver nitrate with M. oleifera Leaves ethyl acetate extract (MOET). Nanoparticle (NPs) formation
and stability were confirmed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared, energy
dispersive X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, Particle size analysis, and zeta potential. Antioxidant activity
was assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays,
while anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation. Results: MOET
AgNPs showed a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 480 nm, confirming NPs formation. The
AgNPs exhibited enhanced DPPH radical scavenging activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] =
141.42 mg/mL) compared with the crude extract, though lower than Vitamin C. FRAP assay indicated weak and
variable reducing power. Moderate anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the protein denaturation assay
(IC50 = 316.02 mg/mL), compared with diclofenac sodium. Conclusion: Green-synthesised M. oleifera AgNPs
possess moderate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities attributed to phytochemical surface capping.
Although less potent than standard drugs, they show potential as supportive agents for managing oxidative stress
and inflammation associated with diabetes, warranting further optimization and in-vivo evaluation.