Phytochemical Exploration of Hypneamusciformis and its Zinc OxideNanoparticle Conjugates: Antioxidant andAnticancer Activities
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Abstract
Seaweed-derived phytochemicals have gained attention for their chemotherapeutic potential.
Hypnea musciformis (H. musciformis), a red seaweed, is a rich dietary source of bioactive compounds with
reported anticancer activity. Objective: To synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using H. musciformis
extract and evaluate their antioxidant and anticancer potential. Methods: Phytochemical profiling of the extract
was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). ZnONPs were synthesized via a
green synthesis approach and characterized. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, hydrogen peroxide
scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS, and nitric oxide inhibition assays. Anticancer
activity was evaluated against MG63 human osteosarcoma cells. Results: GC–MS analysis identified major
phytochemicals, including 3-nitro-2-methylpropene (49.5%) and diethyl methyl (18.1%). The synthesized
ZnONPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity across all assays and demonstrated notable cytotoxic effects
against MG63 cells. Conclusion: H. musciformis-mediated ZnONPs show enhanced antioxidant and anticancer
properties, suggesting their potential as a promising candidate for therapeutic applications.
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