An Overview of Natural and Synthetic Superdisintegrants Used for Sublingual Drug Delivery

Abstract

This review gives a comparative overview of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants used for sublingual drug delivery systems. In the formulation of sublingual tablets, superdisintegrants play an essential role because they proved quick disintegration and drug absorption. The aim of this review is to focus on the disintegration characteristics, mode of action, and formulation implications of natural and synthetic superdisintegrants. To identify studies evaluating the use of superdisintegrants in sublingual tablets, an extensive literature search was conducted across multiple scientific databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta- Analyses guidelines were followed in evaluating the study’s quality and risk of bias. The findings indicate that natural superdisintegrants tend to provide more environmentally friendly (biodegradable) products with lower toxicity levels than their synthetic counterparts, while the synthetic options generally have improved mechanical properties and are reproducible. Both types have useful applications within the sublingual dosage form. Selecting between these options will be based on the intended performance criteria of the formulation at hand. Future studies should focus on integrating both forms as well as standardizing the evaluation methods for the hybrid formulations so that all sublingual drug delivery systems can be optimized consistently.