Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Emerging Frontiers in Pharmacological Applications

Abstract

The application of phyto-formulated nanoparticles (PNPs) in wound treatment has emerged as a promising area in biomedical research. PNPs, obtained from different medicinal plants, exhibit excellent biocompatibility, reduced toxicity, and notable therapeutic properties, making them suitable candidates for enhancing wound repair. This review explores the current trends in the formulation and biomedical applications of PNPs for antibacterial potential and wound healing. Through green synthesis approaches, PNPs acquire unique physicochemical features, including specific size, morphology, and surface properties, which play a significant role in improving wound healing efficiency. Moreover, PNPs are enriched with various bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and essential oils that contribute antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and pro-angiogenic activities necessary for tissue regeneration and rapid wound closure. In addition, the biodegradable nature of PNPs supports safer biomedical applications by minimizing possible toxic effects. This review further discusses the mechanisms through which PNPs influence cellular events involved in wound healing, including migration,cell proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. The synergistic use of PNPs with conventional wound dressings and therapeutic agents is also emphasized, highlighting their importance in the development of advanced wound management systems, good health, and well-being. Overall, the incorporation of PNPs into wound healing therapies provides an effective and sustainable strategy for improved wound care and supports the advancement of safer and more efficient next-generation therapeutic approaches.