Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials: Innovations in on-demand drug release systems

Abstract

Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles (SRNs) provide an innovative method in pharmaceuticals, facilitating accurate,
on-demand drug release systems customized for particular therapeutic requirements. These sophisticated materials
react to internal (pH, enzymes, and redox potential) or exterior (temperature, light, and magnetic fields) stimuli,
enabling regulated drug release while reducing adverse effects. Recent developments in the design and engineering
of SRNs have improved their sensitivity, biocompatibility, and drug-loading efficiency, rendering them optimal
candidates for customized therapy. Notwithstanding their potential, issues related to stability, possible cytotoxicity,
and scalability impede their clinical application. Contemporary research emphasizes surmounting these obstacles
using multistimuli-responsive systems and the use of developing technologies such as artificial intelligence. This
review elucidates the processes, material developments, and pharmacological applications of SRNs, addresses
significant limits, and examines prospective avenues for their advancement. By tackling these issues, SRNs
possess the capacity to revolutionize contemporary drug delivery methods, providing unparalleled precision and
efficiency in therapeutic treatments.