Next-Generation Biomaterials for the Management of Periodontal Disease

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that leads to the destruction of tooth-supporting
tissues, significantly impacting oral and systemic health. Traditional therapies, such as scaling and root planning,
primarily target microbial factors but often fall short in addressing the complex host immune responses that
drive disease progression and tissue destruction. Recent advances in biomaterials offer innovative approaches
for periodontal therapy by integrating principles of tissue engineering, regeneration, and immunomodulation.
Next-generation biomaterials – including biofunctionalized scaffolds, nanotherapeutics, and stimuli-responsive
hydrogels – are designed to not only regenerate lost periodontal tissues but also modulate the local immune
environment, particularly by targeting key immune cells such as neutrophils, mast cells, B-cells, and T-cells.
These materials can serve as carriers for stem cells and growth factors, or directly influence immune cell behavior
to promote tissue repair and limit inflammation. This review summarizes the latest developments in biomaterial
based strategies for periodontal disease management, emphasizing their potential to overcome the limitations of
conventional treatments and improve long-term outcomes. By harnessing the therapeutic capabilities of next
generation biomaterials, there is promise for more effective, predictable, and personalized interventions for
patients with periodontal disease.