Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and its Associated Risk Factors, including Coffee Consumption Habits, among the Adult Population in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prevalent condition worldwide that affects people of
all ages. It is defined as a disorder in which the stomach acid moves up into the lower portion of the esophagus,
causing a wide range of symptoms as well as various complications. The condition has several risk factors
including dietary habits, body weight, and the use of certain medications. Several studies have been conducted to
assess the prevalence of GERD and its associated risk factors in various parts of the world. Objective: The study
aims to assess the prevalence of GERD and to identify its associated risk factors, with a particular focus on coffee
consumption among the adult population of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional
study conducted among adults living in Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited through popular social media
platforms, including WhatsApp, Snapchat, and X (formerly Twitter). Participants were provided with electronic
self-administered questionnaires, and their responses were used to meet the study objectives. The minimum
sample size was 384, calculated using the Raosoft calculator with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin
of error.