The Effect of Overexposure to Blue Light from Digital Screens before Bed on Children’s Sleep and Bruxism in Ages 6–12

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to blue light from digital screens at bedtime may suppress melatonin production and disrupt
circadian rhythms, potentially affecting sleep quality. Bruxism, a parafunctional habit involving teeth grinding, is often
linked to stress and sleep disturbances. In children, it may result in tooth wear, jaw discomfort, and poor sleep, raising
questions about its association with bedtime screen use. Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between
bedtime blue light exposure, sleep quality, and pediatric sleep bruxism (SB) in Saudi children. Methodology: This
cross-sectional study was conducted across Saudi Arabia to examine the association between pre-bedtime blue light
exposure and the occurrence of sleep disturbances and bruxism in children aged 6–12 years. Data were obtained using
a three-part structured questionnaire, adapted from a validated instrument, and distributed to parents via social media
platforms. The Arabic-language questionnaire collected information on demographics, screen use patterns, bedtime
routines, and bruxism-related symptoms. Sleep-related variables were assessed through 24 statements rated on a 4-point
Likert scale, yielding a maximum score of 72 points, with sleep disturbance severity classified as low, moderate, or high
according to Bloom’s cut-off points. In addition, four open-ended questions explored qualitative aspects of children’s
sleep patterns, and responses were subjected to descriptive analysis.